In this study, chemical compositions of black seed meals samples were determined. 18 male weaning Zandi lambs with an average body weight of 23.5 ±1.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design in three groups of six in individual pens. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (basal diet with 12% soybean meal and without black seed meal), 2) diet containing 6% soybean meal and 9% black seed meal and 3) diet containing 18% black seed meal and without soybean meal. The concentration of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, ADF, ADIN, and crude ash of black seed meal samples were 97.53±0.58, 31.26±0.99, 15.16 ± 0.61, 25.95 ± 1.34, 14.2±0.80, 0.69±0.04 and 5.07 ± 0.24, respectively. Replacement of soybean meal with black seed meal in the diet of experimental lambs had no effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, dressing percentage, tail and total body fat deposition. Albumin and total protein were higher for lambs fed by diet containing 18 % black seed meal compared to other treatments (P <0.05). However, the concentration of blood triglyceride, cholesterol and urea nitrogen were not differed between experimental groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat and protein were not affect by feeding of experimental diets. It seems that black seed meal can be used in the diet of fattening lambs up to 18% without adverse effect on performance and nutrients digestibility of growing lambs.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme and rosemary essential oils (EOs) in a ratio of (3:1:2), respectively, to the diet, on growth performance, rumen and blood parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban lambs with an average weight of 29.80 kg were randomly allocated to one of three diets: 1) control, 2) base diet+1.25ml of EOs and 3) base diet+2.5ml of EOs. Daily weight gain was greater in the groups receiving the EOs than in the control, although this increase was mainly due to the interactions of treatment over time. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio compared to the control did not altered. The total concentrations of VFAs and acetate in the groups receiving EOs decreased (P<0.05), while the concentration of propionate increased (P<0.05) at the level of 2.5ml of EOs and isovalerate increased (P<0.05) in both levels of EOs compared to the control. Total population of protozoa, rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by treatments. Glucose concentration increased at high level of EOs (P<0.05). Concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, total protein and albumin did not altered. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number and percentage of white cells including lymphocytes and eosinophils were not affected by treatments but the percentage of monocytes decreased (P<0.05) at low level of the EOs. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of mixture of EOs to the diet did not have a significant effect on performance parameters and immune system of lambs, although it reduced the total concentration of VFA and acetate and increased the concentration of propionate.

In this experiment, the effect of garlic (GP) and tomato (TP) powders on performance, blood parameters, sex differentiation and hatchability of Ross-308 broiler breeders were examined and compared with In-Ovo injection of garlic or tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. In first experiment, 375 hens and 25 roosters (47 wk.) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and 5 replicates, for 4 weeks. Treatments included: 1) basal diet (control), 2 and 3) basal diet+ 2 and 4 percent of GP, and 4 and 5) basal diet + 2 and 4 percent of TP, respectively. In second experiment, 200 hens and 20 roosters were randomly allocated to 2 treatments including 1) basal diet and 2) basal diet + 4% of TP (selected treatment of the Exp. 1) in 5 replications from 52-56 wk. During incubation period, experimental treatments included: 1) control group, 2) eggs from hens fed 4% TP, 3) In-Ovo injection of physiological serum and 4 and 5) In-Ovo injection of 0.1 and 0.3 ml of garlic and tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. The results of first experiment, adding garlic and tomato powders was not significant on egg qualitative traits and blood parameters (P>0.05). All In-Ovo injection treatments increased fertility percentage (P<0.05). The second experiment results showed that treatments had no significant effect on the percent of males and females (P>0.05). In general, addition of 4 percent tomato powder to broiler breeders in comparison to In-Ovo injection of hydroalcoholic extracts of garlic and tomato, did not increase male 1-d-old chicks’ percentage of hatched chicks.

Introduction: The right use of blood is necessary because of the high cost of correct blood screening, blood grouping, and cross match. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of the reserved and cross matched blood before elective surgeries which were done in Bahman 22nd Hospital. It also aims at evaluating the standard guideline for ordering blood.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1380 to 1388 that evaluates evaluating 6145 files of the patients hospitalized in 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital for surgery during the years of 1380 to 1388. The elective operations include General surgery, Gynecology, orthopedic, ENT, Urology and Neurosurgery. The number of patients, the number of reserved and cross matched units and the number of transfused units was recorded for each group of patients collected in each groups. Finally, the number of reserved blood units in that period of time and in each group was compared with the standard guideline. Also the number of transfused blood units was evaluated. The ratio of cross matched to transfused blood units lower than 2.5 was considered as standard. And The obtained data were analyzed, using with SPSS.Results: A total of 1557 blood units of blood were reserved for 772 patients.1305 units (66.47%) were cross matched, but just 126 units (8.1%) were transfused. The effective factors in increasing the possibility of transfusion were the ages<20 & >80 years old, Hb £ 12, the type of surgery and the surgeon. Although after the application of the guidelines in1385, there was 64.44% decrease in the rate of cross matching rate due to the decrease in the number of patients who were cross matched, but the average of cross matched units for each patient did not change. The total of C/T index of the hospital decreased from 14.1 to 3.7.Conclusion: The appropriate correct blood reserving can decrease the unnecessary blood reserves, lower the pressure on blood banking centers and prevent blood wastage.

Introduction: Fasting is a duty for Moslems. They must avoid eating & drinking from dawn to dusk. In order to determine fasting effects on health, measuring blood biochemical parameters in normal adult males performed this study Material & Methods: In this experimented study we compared the results of blood biochemical tests (FBS, TG, Ch, Uric acid, Na, K, Ca, P, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH) before, during & after Ramadan fasting in 100 normal males in Kashanian in 1995. Before Ramadan, after 12 hours fasting, 10cc blood was taken and serum was separated. Na & K were measured by flame photometer & other factors by RA-1000 Autoanalizer with kits of Man Company (Control group) At the end of first, second, third & forth weeks of Ramadan, samples was collected and measurement was done (cases group) Multi Parameter ANOYA & T-paired test was carried out. Results: After the completion of the study, the following results were observed by comparing the subjects blood parameters before and at the end of Ramadan: 1. Ch, Cr, K, Ca, P, AST, ALT, showed no significant differences. 2. FBS, Uric acid (P<0.003), TG, Na (P<0.0001), BUN (P<0.012), ALP (P<0.005) showed significant decrease. 3. LDH had significantly increased. (P<0.002) All of results were in normal limits.Conclusion: Considering this result, fasting had no effect on Ch, Cr. K, Ca. P, AST, ALT metabolism, but increased metabolism of glucose, Uric acid, TG, NA, ALP. Normal kidney function was preserved. Liver enzymes showed no changes ALP & LDH level changes were within physrologic limits. fasting had no side effect of human health.

This study was performed to compare the Biomar nutritional diet, shrimp, bloodworms on growth parameters, survival and blood parameter of juvenile aquarium Joel (Hemichromis bimaculatus). The experiment treatments consisted of blood worms, dried shrimp and control treatment that were Biomar food. Daily feeding was performed 4 times in a day to satiation and breeding fish took place over 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment growth, blood and serum parameters were determined. The results showed that different treatments in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly different (0.05>P) while FCR, condition factor and survival rate no significant difference between treatments have showed (P>0.05). The highest percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate in the control treatment and the lowest one were observed in treatment 1. Hematological and biochemical study showed significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Tri-glycerides was seen between treatments (P<0.05), but the number of red globule, white globule total protein did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). The highest levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed in control and Tri-glycerides cased 2 and the lowest hematocrit and hemoglobin in the Tri-glycerides in treatment 1 and treatment 2.

Serum biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species. The values of these parameters can be used for confirming the maturity and for monitoring any changes in the quality of waters and related soils. The aim of present study was to investigate some of blood serum biochemical parameters in immature females and males of Argyrosomus hololepidotus. Blood samples were collected from twenty captured fish from coastal waters of Chabahar (Ramin waterfront). Serum levels of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined as Mean±SD in immature males and females. The levels of different biochemical parameters in males and females were respectively as follows; Na (239.50±17.06, 257.80±20.80), K (3.87±0.98, 1.94±0.49), P (2.73±0.39, 2.79±0.53), Ca (2.89±0.47, 1.56±0.32) (mmol/l), glucose (71±10.33, 24.04±2.50), bilirubin (0.46±0.11, 0.24±0.05), ALP (68.30±124.17, 244.50±68.98) (Iu/l), BUN (1.94±0.50, 0.63±0.29), triglyceride (94.70±9.56, 32.85±7.56), CHO (13.02±2.69, 4.94±3.29) (mg/dl), total protein (1.65±0.51, 3.15±0.86) and albumin (0.44±0.16, 0.12±0.04) (g/dl). The results showed that the serum levels of Na and total protein in females were significantly higher than males and there were significant differences in all of the serum values (except P) between males and females (P<0.05).It can be concluded that the values of blood biochemical parameters may be affected by sex of fish.

Background and Objectives: There is a circadian rhythm and diurnal variation in the redox capacity in blood plasma and there is a decrease in antioxidant capacity (TAC) during the RBCs storage in blood banking. So it is possible that donated blood, based on donation time, has a different antioxidant capacity and as a result a different biochemical response during storage. This study attempts to uncover this issue. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Twenty RBC units were collected from two donor groups in the morning (8-11am) and evening (5-8pm) and were stored for 3 to 42 days at 4 to 8 degrees Celsius. Glucose, Sodium, potassium, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pH, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity were measured by a commercial kit. Nitrate/nitrite was measured by Griess method. Results: The levels of nitrate/nitrite, MDA, and LDH in the evening group increased significantly when compared to the morning group (p < 0. 05). However, a decreasing trend in TAC, pH, Glucose, and sodium levels (p < 0. 05) versus an increasing trend in potassium, lactate, LDH, and MDA was seen in both groups during storage (p < 0. 05). Conclusions: This study showed that oxidative damage in donated blood in the evening was higher than in the morning during storage, which may reduce RBC survival. Therefore, more studies are required with more sample sizes to examine the effect of donation time on the RBC storage lesion.

Introduction: Elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) as a valuable antioxidant, immune stimulant, anti-influenza and antibiotic alternative and a strong antiviral supplement, and in parallel reducing a variety of metabolic and non-metabolic diseases, can have a good prospect in poultry nutrition. It has been proven that Sambucus ebulus fruit extract can increase cytokine production by monocytes, and subsequently the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF is revealed, and the immune system in the host body is modulated and improved. Administration of this extract of this plant through drinking water showed positive and promising results in the improvement and treatment of H9N2 avian influenza. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate the dietary effects of elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) on production performance, carcass characteristics, biochemical parameters and blood antioxidant status, immune system, and meat sensory and taste traits, and its fatty acid profile in broiler chickens. Material and method: Biological experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design using elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) fruit powder (SE) consisting of three treatments of 0, 1.5 and 2%, each treatment consisting of 5 replications and 10 birds per replication, and a total of 150 Ross 308 broiler chickens. Assay diets based on corn and soybean meal were formulated during three periods: starter (1-11 d), grower (12-21 d) and finisher (22-42 d). During the three rearing periods of starter, grower, finisher and the entire period, feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured, respectively, and FCR was also calculated. At the end of the period, after four hours of starvation, two birds with the average weight of their experimental unit from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered and, by separating the carcasses, the following were weighed and measured: live weight, defeather body, eviscerated carcass, breast, thigh, gizzard, crop, liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, bursa of Fabricius weight and abdominal fat, respectively, with a scale with an accuracy of 0.001. In addition, at the end of the period, blood samples were taken from the wing vein of three birds from each replicate using sterile 5 cc syringes, and biochemical blood parameters were measured. To evaluate immunological parameters, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected at a 5% dilution into the pectoral muscle area of the birds on days 28 and 36 of rearing in a volume of 0.2 cc. Seven days after SRBC injection (days 35 and 42), samples were taken from the wing vein of the same injected birds with sterile syringes with a volume of 3 cc to evaluate the level of antibodies against SRBC using the hemagglutination method for Newcastle disease (NDV) and influenza (AIV) titers. In order to evaluate the fatty acid profile of meat, sampling was performed from the whole breast of the bird and meat health indices including omega 6 to omega 3 ratio, atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), hypocholesterolemic index (HI), and hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic ratio were calculated. For the sensory and taste attributes item including the evaluation of aroma, flavor, odor, tenderness, color and overall desirability of breast meat, one sample was taken from each replicate and the samples were cooked without spices. Then, it was evaluated by six panels (food testers) (by scoring from 1 to 10). All data obtained were collected in Excel software and the results were analyzed with statistical software (SAS 9.3). Comparisons of treatment means were reported with Duncan's multiple range test. Quadratic, linear, nonlinear and orthogonal equations were reported and finding the turning point of quadratic equations was achieved with the "Solver" extension of Excel software. For traits related to breast fatty acids, statistical analysis was not performed and only the raw laboratory data report was published and the calculation of indices was presented.Results and discussion: The performance results showed that only in the finisher period (22-42 d), the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased at the level of 2% (P<0.05) and for other periods and even the entire period, there was no negative effect on performance after SE feeding (P<0.05). Carcass traits for live body weight and defeather body weight in the control treatment were significantly higher in the SE-fed groups (P<0.05). Also, for these two mentioned traits, the contrast effects of the control group compared with the combined effect of the SE-fed groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Eviscerated carcass, heart and pancreas weights in the control treatment were significant compared with the combined effect of the SE-fed groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in carcass relative weight between the experimental treatments (P<0.05). Results of blood parameters for glucose, cholesterol, atherogenic index, triglyceride, phosphorus, Fe, calcium, liver enzymes and total antioxidant capacity were significantly different in line with the improvement of chicken health after SE feeding (P<0.01). For immunological traits Antibody Titr (35day-SRBC test), the treatment containing 1.5% SE and the control treatment had significantly higher values than the 2% SE treatment (P<0.05). Meat color was observed to increase in the treatments fed with SE compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). Overall, the results indicated that SE feeding in broiler chickens with the least negative effect on performance has a positive role on the biochemical health parameters of blood and immunity of broilers and in parallel affected meat color and the potential of supplementing this antioxidant source in nutrition has a promising perspective for health.For immunological traits Antibody Titr (35day-SRBC test), the treatment containing 1.5% SE and the control treatment had significantly higher values than the 2% SE treatment (P<0.05). Meat color was observed to increase in the treatments fed with SE compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). Overall, the results indicated that SE feeding in broiler chickens with the least negative effect on performance has a positive role on the biochemical health parameters of blood and immunity of broilers and in parallel affected meat color and the potential of supplementing this antioxidant source in nutrition has a promising perspective for health.